WSTA Logistic Group
Transport Emissions Carbon Calculator
Introduction
Companies are under increasing pressure to measure and, where feasible, reduce their ‘carbon footprint’.
A large amount of conflicting and generalised data is available on the subject of freight transport emissions and WSTA members have asked for assistance in establishing a framework for understanding carbon emissions, particularly relating to transportation of goods.
The WSTA has been working with JF Hillebrand and other members of the WSTA Logistics Group to develop a simple and effective Carbon Calculator to facilitate the reporting of transport-related carbon emissions (the ‘WSTA Carbon Calculator’).
This Carbon Calculation provides the user with an estimate of transport-related emissions. We believe it represents an objective, reasonable and conservative assessment of emissions from what analysts agree is one of the most complex elements of the beverage supply chain.
Background & context
This calculator has been developed in order to help businesses understand their transport-related carbon emissions. This measurement will enable companies to consider potential benefits of alternative transport modes or evaluate appropriate levels for off-setting.
This calculator only focuses on transport. It does not take into account emissions from vinification, viticulture, processing or packaging. An international consortium drawn from FIVS (the global wine and spirit trade association) is developing a more comprehensive calculator that will cover the entire wine making process. This would allow all countries moving wine into retail outlets to use a single methodology for calculating carbon footprints.
Both the WSTA Logistics Group transport-emissions calculator and the Wine Industry Green House Gas Calculator, endorsed by FIVS, have been based on existing research and the emerging British Standard, which is likely to become an ISO.
The WSTA Logistics Group has analysed data from numerous sources, including that of the FIVS research, and has reached a consensus based on available information to enable the beverage alcohol industry to reasonably calculate and compare estimates for emissions based on routing, mode, equipment type and quantity shipped.
Please note: the WSTA has no interest in promoting particular transport modes or routings and has taken an entirely impartial approach to the development of this Carbon Calculator.
Queries and further information
This calculator is a ‘live’ document and will be updated to reflect developments in research on transport-related carbon emissions. If you have any comments or queries about the calculator, please contact Kate Coleman (020 7089 3881 or kate@wsta.co.uk).
If you have any queries about your transport arrangements or any future needs, please contact your freight forwarder. For a list of WSTA Logistic Group members please click here.
Using the carbon calculator
The principal calculation is based on transportation between nodal points (generally ports or railheads). The user then enters the road distance to the origin node from the loading point, and from the destination node to the final delivery point.
The carbon emission is determined for a full load consignment, from loading to delivery point, adding the emissions generated on the three transport legs (from loading point to transport node, from one transport node to the other, and from transport node to final delivery point). CO2 emissions are also shown per litre of wine transported, enabling comparison of emissions via different transport modes and equipment types, including shipment in bulk v packaged goods.
In all cases, the total litres of the consignment must be entered.
- For Groupage or part load consignments, the user should select Groupage from the Order Type drop down list and enter the total litres of the consignment.
- For full loads (including bulk) the user should select Full Load from the Order Type drop down list and enter the total litres of the consignment.
- For shipment of deep sea bulk, please select 20ft container and enter the total litres of the consignment. For European bulk shipped in road tankers, select 13.6m trailer and enter the total litres of the consignment.
Steps in establishing the CO2 emission of a given movement:-
- Select Country of Origin
- Select Destination Country
- Select principle mode of transport
- Select Order Type
- Enter total litres of the consignment (mandatory)
- Select equipment type
- Select Origin Node
- Select Destination Node
- Enter Collection Town (starting point of the transport movement, normally where the consignment is loaded into the vehicle)
- Enter distance from Collection Town to Origin Node
- If same as Origin Node, enter 0 as distance
- Link provided to Multimap.com as source of road distances
- Please contact your logistics company for any advice on empty running provision/factor.
- Enter Destination Town (end point of the transport movement, normally the point where the consignment is discharged from the container/trailer)
- Enter distance from Destination Node to Destination Town
- If same as Destination Node, enter 0 as distance
- Link provided to Multimap.com as source of road distances
- Please contact your logistics company for any advice on empty running provision/factor.
- Press Calculate to show result.
Amending any of the above selections will clear the subsequent fields.
Please note all distances are calculated on a one way basis, with the exception of transport movements from Mendoza in Argentina, the vast majority of which involve a round-trip from Buenos Aires and this is therefore reflected in the carbon calculator.
For journeys in the UK, we recommend that you enter the distance for a round-trip to the final destination node. This will make allowance for empty running back from the drop-off point.
Users are advised to contact a member of the WSTA Logistics Group for any advice on what to include as an empty running provision/factor.
Assumptions behind the Calculator
The WSTA Logistics Group looked at a range of assumptions used in different carbon footprinting projects for road, rail, shipping and air freight transport. The Group then based the Carbon Calculator on the assumption they thought was the most robust and suitable for the international wine supply chain. The major elements of these decisions are set out below.
Road freight assumptions (13.6m trailer)
|
Existing work |
Assumption (gCO2/tkm) |
|
Provisor (FIVS) |
115 |
|
McKinnon[1] |
138 |
|
ATOC[2] |
178 |
|
DT |
39 (based on DT data on gCO2 per litre of fuel and fuel consumption of HGVs) |
|
DEFRA |
48 (based on DEFRA data on gCO2 per litre of fuel and fuel consumption of HGVs) |
|
NAEI[3] |
63 (based on NAEI data on gCO2 per litre of fuel and fuel consumption of EURO II HGVs) |
The Logistics Group considered that the NAEI figure (63gCO2/tkm) is the most robust figures available. The Logistic Group divided the NAEI figure of 1,569gCO2 / km for EURO II HGV and divided it by the assume payload for wine of 25 tonnes.
For the basis of the WSTA Carbon Calculator, a figure of 63gCO2/tkm is used to calculate figures for road freight
Rail freight assumptions
|
Existing work |
Assumption (gCO2/tkm) |
|
Provisor |
26.4g |
|
TREMOVE |
33 |
|
NTM[4] |
17 |
|
INFRAS[5] |
38 |
|
WRI |
28 |
|
IREU |
18 (electric) 35 (diesel) |
Recent emissions assumptions (therefore taking account of recent improvements to the utilisation of rail networks) for rail varied between 17gCO2/tkm (Swedish study by NTM) and 38gCO2/tkm (INFRAS). The Provisor study based its assumptions on European rail freight. The Logistics Group felt that as only fairly low levels of wine is moved by rail in the UK at the current time, this assumption was reasonable.
The Logistics Group agreed to support the Provisor rail assumption of 26.4gCO2/tkm.
Shipping assumptions
|
Existing work |
Assumption (gCO2/tkm) |
|
Provisor |
14g 56 (small ro-ro) |
|
Swedish Network |
15 (for deepsea shipping) |
|
DEFRA |
11 |
|
McKinnon |
60 (small ro-ro) 30 (mid range vessel) 7 (large bulk container ship) |
|
Maersk |
8.36 (6,600 TEU) 7.48 (11,000 TEU) |
It is felt that most of these assumptions would be based on average, non-specific cargos, which would not necessarily be accurate for wine. It is also felt that emission levels would depend on the size and type of vessel used.
For deepsea shipping, the Logistics Group agreed to support the Provisor rail assumption of 14gCO2/tkm.
For ro-ro vessel emission, which for the purposes of the UK study only relates to the cross channel ferries, the Logistics Group would accept the Provisor small ro-ro figure of 56gCO2/tkm.
A ‘coastal container’ category has been added to include, for example, relatively small container vessels operating between Iberia and North Europe with an assumption of 37gCO2/tkm.
For nautical mile distances, a figure of 1.852km / nautical mile was used.[6]
Air freight assumptions
The WSTA Carbon Calculator does not include air freight calculations. Users are referred to the DEFRA Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (DEFRA 2001)[7], which gives a value of 570gCO2/tkm for long haul flights, and 1580gCO2/tkm for short haul flights.
Equipment Types
The following equipment types are accommodated within the tool, as appropriate:-
20ft Container (dry or bulk)
40ft Container
13.6m trailer
For more information about containers used, please contact your Freight Forwarder.
Nominal payloads / nominal total litres
The carbon calculator assumes equipment fill is optimised, based on cubic capacity in the base of 20ft containers and applicable national legal maximum payloads in the case of other equipment types.
|
|
|
|
Equipment |
|
|
|
Country |
Transport mode |
Nominal |
13.6m trailer |
20ft container |
40ft container |
|
Argentina |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Australia |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Austria |
Road |
Total Litres |
13860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
25 |
|
|
|
|
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Belgium |
Road |
Total Litres |
13860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
25 |
|
|
|
|
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Bulgaria |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Chile |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Cyprus |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
France |
Road |
Total Litres |
13860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
25 |
|
|
|
|
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
19800 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
37 |
23.5 |
|
Germany |
Road |
Total Litres |
13860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
24 |
|
|
|
|
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
|
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
|
23 |
|
Greece |
Sea |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
18.5 |
23.5 |
|
Hungary |
Rail |
Total Litres |
|
|
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |
|
|
24 |
|
Italy |
Rail |
Total Litres |
|
9900 |
13860 |
|
|
|
Payload (tonnes) |